Ukwenza umgquba bubuchule bomjikelo obubandakanya ukonakaliswa kunye nokuvundiswa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zemifuno, njengenkunkuma yemifuno, kwigadi yemifuno.Nkqu amasebe kunye namagqabi awileyo anokubuyiselwa emhlabeni kunye neenkqubo ezichanekileyo zokuvundisa.Umgquba owenziwe kwintsalela yokutya ayinako ukukhulisa ukukhula kwezityalo ngokukhawuleza njengoko zisenza izichumisi zentengiso.Isetyenziswa kakuhle njengendlela yokuphucula umhlaba, ngokuthe ngcembe iwenza uchume ngokuhamba kwexesha.Umgquba akufanele ucingelwe njengendlela yokulahla inkunkuma yasekhitshini;kunoko, kufuneka kucingwe njengendlela yokukhulisa iintsholongwane zomhlaba.
1. Wasebenzise kakuhle amagqabi ashiyekileyo kunye nenkunkuma yasekhitshini ukwenza umgquba
Ukuququzelela ukuvutshelwa kunye nokubola, sinqumle imifuno yemifuno, iziqu, kunye nezinye izinto zibe ngamaqhekeza amancinci, uze ukhuphe kwaye uwafake kwi-compost.Nkqu namathambo eentlanzi anokubola ngokucokisekileyo ukuba unomgqomo womgquba wamaphepha ekhaya.Ngokudibanisa amaqabunga eti okanye imifuno, unako ukugcina umquba ukubola kunye nokukhupha iphunga elibi.Akuyimfuneko ukwenza umgquba wamaqokobhe amaqanda okanye amathambo entaka.Zisenokucolwa kuqala ukunceda ukubola kunye nokuvundiswa phambi kokuba zingcwatywe emhlabeni.
Ngaphaya koko, i-miso paste kunye nesosi yesoya iqulethe ityuwa, leyo iintsholongwane zomhlaba azikwazi ukunyamezela, ngoko musa ukuvundisa ukutya okuphekiweyo okuseleyo.Kukwabalulekile ukuphuhlisa umkhwa wokungashiyi nakuphi na ukutya okushiyekileyo phambi kokuba usebenzise umgquba.
2. Ikharbhon eyimfuneko, initrogen, iimicroorganisms, amanzi kunye nomoya
Ukwenza umgquba kufuna izinto eziphilayo ezinekhabhoni kwakunye nezithuba ezinamanzi nomoya.Ngale ndlela, iimolekyuli zekhabhoni, okanye iswekile, zenziwe emhlabeni, ezinokuthi ziququzelele ukwanda kwebhaktheriya.
Ngeengcambu zazo, izityalo zithatha initrogen emhlabeni kunye nekharbon diokside emoyeni.Emva koko, benza iiprotheni ezenza iiseli zabo ngokudibanisa i-carbon kunye ne-nitrogen.
I-Rhizobia kunye ne-algae eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, umzekelo, zisebenza nge-symbiosis kunye neengcambu zezityalo ukulungisa i-nitrogen.Iintsholongwane ezikwi-compost ziqhekeza iiproteni zibe yinitrogen, ezifunyanwa zizityalo ngeengcambu zazo.
Ii-microorganisms zidla ngokutya i-5 grams yenitrogen kwi-100 grams nganye yekhabhoni eboliswe kwizinto eziphilayo.Oku kuthetha ukuba i-carbon-to-nitrogen ratio ngexesha lenkqubo yokubola yi-20 ukuya kwi-1.
Ngenxa yoko, xa isiqulatho secarbon esemhlabeni singaphezu kwamaxesha angama-20 kumxholo wenitrogen, iimicroorganisms ziwusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo.Ukuba i-carbon-to-nitrogen ratio ingaphantsi kwe-19, enye i-nitrogen iya kuhlala emhlabeni kwaye ayiyi kufikeleleka kwi-microorganisms.
Ukutshintsha ubungakanani bamanzi asemoyeni kungakhuthaza ibhaktiriya ye-aerobic ukuba ikhule, iqhekeze iprotein ekwi-compost, kwaye ikhuphe initrogen kunye nekhabhoni emhlabeni, ezinokuthi zithathwe zizityalo ngeengcambu zazo ukuba umhlaba unomthamo ophezulu wekhabhoni.
Umgquba unokwenziwa ngokuguqula izinto eziphilayo zibe yinitrogen ezifunxwa zizityalo ngokwazi iimpawu zekhabhoni nenitrogen, ukukhetha izinto zokuvundisa, nokulawula umlinganiselo wekhabhoni nenitrogen emhlabeni.
3. Gxuma umgquba ngokuphakathi, kwaye ubeke ingqalelo kwisiphumo sobushushu, ukufuma, kunye ne-actinomycetes.
Ukuba izinto zokwenziwa komgquba zinamanzi amaninzi, kulula ukwenza ukuba iprotheyini ibe ne-ammoniate kwaye ivumba kakubi.Sekunjalo, ukuba kukho amanzi amancinci, kuya kuchaphazela umsebenzi we-microorganisms.Ukuba ayikhuphi amanzi xa icinezelwe ngesandla, ukufuma kuthathwa njengento efanelekileyo, kodwa ukuba usebenzisa iibhokisi zephepha ezifakwe kwi-composting, kungcono ukuba zome kancinci.
Iibhaktiriya ezisebenzayo ekuhlanganiseni umgquba zi-aerobic, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukuxuba rhoqo umgquba ukuze kungene umoya kwaye kukhawuleziswe izinga lokubola.Nangona kunjalo, musa ukudibanisa rhoqo, ngaphandle koko kuya kuvuselela umsebenzi webhaktheriya ye-aerobic kwaye ukhulule i-nitrogen emoyeni okanye emanzini.Ngoko ke, ukumodareyitha ngundoqo.
Iqondo lobushushu ngaphakathi komgquba kufuneka libe phakathi kwe 20-40 degrees celcius, lelona lilungele ukusebenza kwebhaktiriya.Xa idlula i-65 degrees, zonke ii-microorganisms ziyayeka ukusebenza kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe ziyafa.
IActinomycetes ziintsholongwane ezimhlophe eziveliswa kwinkunkuma yamagqabi okanye kwimithi ewileyo ebolileyo.Kwibhokisi yebhokisi yebhokisi ye-corrugated composting okanye izindlu zangasese zokudibanisa, i-actinomycetes luhlobo olubalulekileyo lweebhaktheriya ezikhuthaza ukubola kwe-microbial kunye nokuvutshelwa kwi-compost.Xa uqalisa ukwenza umgquba, luluvo oluhle ukukhangela i-actinomycetes kwinkunkuma yamagqabi kunye nemithi ewileyo ebolileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-18-2022