Amanyathelo ama-5 oKusetyenzwa okuQala kweMathiriyeli ekrwada ye-Compost

Ukwenza umgqubayinkqubo eyehlisa isidima kwaye izinzise inkunkuma ephilayo ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi we microorganisms ukuvelisa imveliso efanele ukusetyenziswa komhlaba.

Iinkqubo yokubilaikwalelonye igama lokwenziwa komgquba.Inkunkuma yezinto eziphilayo kufuneka ihlale igaywa, izinziswe, kwaye iguqulwe ibe yizichumisi eziphilayo ngesenzo se-microorganisms phantsi kweemeko zomthamo wamanzi owaneleyo, umlinganiselo we-carbon-nitrogen, kunye noxinzelelo lwe-oxygen.Emva kwenkqubo efanelekileyo yokuvundiswa kwe-compost, imveliso yenkunkuma ephilayo izinzile ubukhulu becala, ivumba liphelile, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ayiqulathanga iintsholongwane eziyingozi ze-pathogenic kunye nembewu yokhula.Ingasetyenziswa njengesichumiso somhlaba kunye nesichumiso esiphilayo emhlabeni.

Kangangokuba, ukuvelisa nokugcina imeko-bume ekhuthaza ukukhula kwentsholongwane yimeko ebaluleke kakhulu yokuqinisekisa umgangatho womgquba.Owona msebenzi ungundoqo wokufezekisa le njongo kukusetyenzwa kwangoko kwemithombo yendalo.La manyathelo alandelayo ayabandakanyeka ekusetyenzweni kokuqala kwemathiriyeli ekrwada ye-compost:

1. Ukuhlolwa kwempahla ekrwada: Ukungcola kunye nongcoliseko olungavundisiyo luyasuswa kwimathiriyeli ekrwada.Ngokomzekelo, isinyithi, ilitye, iglasi, iplastiki, njalo njalo.

2. Ukutyumza: Izinto ezithile ezikhulu ekrwada ekunzima ukuziqhawula, njengokutya okushiyekileyo, izityalo, ikhadibhodi, udaka oluxutyiweyo, kunye nenkunkuma yabantu, kufuneka zicolwe.I-Pulverization isetyenziselwa ukunyusa umgangatho wezinto eziluhlaza, ukukhuthaza ukubola kwe-microbial, kunye nokuphucula ukufana kwezinto ezixutywayo.

3. Ulungelelwaniso lokufuma: Ukulawula isiqulatho samanzi kumgquba, ulungelelwaniso lokufuma luyimfuneko kwimathiriyeli ethile ekrwada, enjengomgquba wezilwanyana, ezinomthamo wamanzi omphezulu okanye ophantsi ngokugqithisileyo.Ngokuqhelekileyo, izinto eziluhlaza ezimanzi kakhulu kufuneka zomiswe, okanye ukufuma kufuneka kwandiswe ngokongeza umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wamanzi.

4. Ukudibanisa: Kumlinganiselo othile, dibanisa izinto eziluhlaza eziye zahlolwa, ukutyunyuzwa, ukulungiswa komswakama, kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokucubungula.Injongo yokuxuba kukugcina usempilwenii-carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, okanye umlinganiselo we-C/N, kumgquba.Ukukhuthaza uphuhliso kunye nokuveliswa kwe-microorganisms, umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo weC / N kufuneka usuke kwi-25: 1 ukuya kwi-30: 1.

5. Ukwenza umgquba: Beka imathiriyeli ekrwada esele ilungisiwe ukuze zikwazi ukuvubela ngokwemvelo.Ukugcina ubushushu obufanelekileyo bomgquba kunye nokufuma kunye nokukhuthaza ukuqhekeka kwe-microbes, umgquba kufuneka uguqulwe kwaye ufakwe umoya rhoqo ngexesha lenkqubo yokupakisha.

Ukusetyenzwa kokuqala kwemathiriyeli ekrwada ye-industrial kungabandakanya ezi ntlobo zonyango zilandelayo ukongeza kwizigaba ezisisiseko zekrwada-ukuhlolwa kwezinto, ukutyunyuzwa, uhlengahlengiso lokufuma, ukusasazwa, kunye ne-compost:

Ukubulala iintsholongwane kwimathiriyeli ekrwada: Imathiriyeli ekrwada kufuneka ibulawe iintsholongwane kuba zinokubandakanya iintsholongwane eziyingozi, amaqanda ezinambuzane, imbewu yokhula, njl.njl. Iikhemikhali okanye iindlela zokuphelisa iintsholongwane, ezinjengokusetyenziswa kwezibulali ntsholongwane (ezifana nobushushu obuphezulu bokunyanga).

Unyango lokuzinzisa: Ukunciphisa ingozi yokungcoliseka kwendalo, enye inkunkuma yamashishini, i-sludge, njl., kufuneka izinziswe kuba ibandakanya iikhompawundi ezinobungozi ezifana ne-organic matter kunye nesinyithi esinzima.I-Pyrolysis, i-anaerobic digestion, unyango lwe-redox, kunye nezinye iindlela zobuchule zisetyenziswa rhoqo kunyango lokuzinzisa.

Ukusetyenzwa okuxutyiweyo: Iindidi ezininzi zemathiriyeli ekrwada zinokudityaniswa kwaye ziphathwe ukunyusa umgangatho kunye nesiqulatho sesondlo se-compost yamashishini.Umzekelo, isiqulatho se-compost yezinto eziphilayo kunye nokwahlukana kwesondlo kunokongezwa ngokudibanisa inkunkuma yasezidolophini kunye nenkunkuma yasefama.

Unyango olongezelelweyo: Iikhemikhali ezithile zingongezwa kwi-compost ukuze kuphuculwe i-microbial breakdown, ukutshintsha i-pH level, ukwandisa izakhi zesondlo, njl., ukuphucula umgangatho kunye neempawu ze-compost.Ngokomzekelo, ukongeza iitshiphusi zokhuni kunokuphucula umoya we-compost kunye nokukwazi ukugcina amanzi.Ukongeza ikalika kunokulinganisa i-pH ye-compost kwaye kukhuthaze ukukhula kwee microorganisms.Ungongeza kwakhona ibhaktheriya ye-aerobic okanye i-anaerobic ngqo kumgquba ukukhawulezisa ukuvutshelwa kunye nophuhliso lwezityalo zayo zangaphakathi.

Kufuneka kugxininiswe ukuba kukho iindidi ezininzi zemathiriyeli yokuqalisa umgquba kwimizi-mveliso, kwaye izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokuqalisa zibiza iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenzwa kwenqanaba lokuqala.Ukuqinisekisa ubulunga be-compost kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, imathiriyeli ekrwada kufuneka ihlolwe kwaye ivavanywe phambi kokulungiswa kokuqala.Iinketho ezininzi zonyango kufuneka zikhethwe ngokweemeko.