Ukubunjwa kwe-sludge kuyinkimbinkimbi, kunye nemithombo eyahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo.Okwangoku, ezona ndlela ziphambili zokulahlwa kodaka emhlabeni kukulahla inkunkuma, ukutshiswa kodaka, ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi bomhlaba, kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango ezibanzi.Iindlela ezininzi zokulahla zineenzuzo kunye nokungafani kwazo kwisicelo, kunye neentsilelo ezihambelanayo.Ngokomzekelo, i-sludge landfill iya kuba neengxaki ezifana nokuqina komatshini okunzima, unyango olunzima lwe-filtrate, kunye nongcoliseko olubi lwevumba;ukutshiswa kodaka kuneengxaki ezifana nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu, iindleko eziphezulu zonyango, kunye nokuveliswa kweegesi eziyingozi zedioxin;Ukusetyenziswa kukujongana neengxaki ezinje ngomjikelo omde kunye nommandla omkhulu.Lilonke, ukuqondwa kokungabi nabungozi kodaka, ukuncitshiswa, ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi, kunye nonyango lozinzo yingxaki yokusingqongileyo ekufuneka ijongwe ngokuqhubekayo kwaye iphuculwe.
Itekhnoloji ye-sludge aerobic composting:
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, itekhnoloji ye-sludge aerobic composting isetyenziselwe ukulahlwa kodaka.Ayinabungozi, inciphisa umthamo, kwaye izinzisa ubuchwephesha bonyango olubanzi lonyango.Ngenxa yeendlela ezininzi zokusetyenziswa kweemveliso ezivundisiweyo (ukusetyenziswa komhlaba wamahlathi, ukusetyenziswa komhlaba, umhlaba ogqunyiweyo wetiphu, njl.njl.), utyalo-mali oluphantsi kunye neendleko zokusebenza, Uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kunye nezinye iimpawu ezixhalabisa ngokubanzi.Kukho iinkqubo ezintathu eziqhelekileyo zokuqulunqa umgquba, ezizezi: uhlobo lokupakisha, uhlobo lomgqomo/umkhombe, kunye ne-reactor.Umgaqo osisiseko kukuba uluntu lwe-microbial lubola kwaye luguqule i-organic matter kwi-sludge ibe yi-carbon dioxide, amanzi, i-inorganic matter, kunye ne-biological cell matter phantsi kwesondlo esifanelekileyo, ukufuma kunye neemeko zomoya, ukukhulula amandla ngaxeshanye, kunye nokuphucula okuqinileyo. inkunkuma kwisitali.I-Humus, phucula isichumiso sodaka.
Iimfuno ezisisiseko zokwenziwa komgquba ngodaka:
Mininzi imithombo yodaka, kodwa eminye ayifanelekanga njengezinto ezikrwada zokwenziwa komgquba.Okokuqala, le miqathango ilandelayo kufuneka kuhlangatyezwane nayo:
1. Umxholo wentsimbi enzima awugqithisi umgangatho;2. Iyabola;3. Umxholo wezinto eziphilayo awunakuba phantsi kakhulu, ubuncinane ngaphezu kwe-40%.
Umgaqo wobugcisa wokwenziwa komgquba ngodaka:
Umgaqo-nkqubo yinkqubo yokuthotywa kwenkunkuma eqinileyo ye-organic ngesenzo se-aerobic microorganisms phantsi kweemeko ze-aerobic.Kule nkqubo, izinto ezinyibilikayo kwi-sludge zixutywa ngokuthe ngqo yi-microorganisms ngokusebenzisa iindonga zeseli kunye neembrane zeeseli ze-microorganisms;okwesibini, i-insoluble colloidal organic substances i-adsorbed ngaphandle kwe-microorganisms, ihlanjululwe kwizinto ezixutywayo yi-extracellular enzymes efihliweyo yi-microorganisms, ize ifakwe kwiiseli.Ii-Microorganisms ziqhuba i-catabolism kunye ne-anabolism ngemisebenzi yazo yobomi, i-oxidize inxalenye ye-organic matter efunxekileyo kwizinto ezilula ezingaphiliyo, kwaye ikhuphe amandla afunekayo kwimisebenzi yokukhula kwebhayoloji;dibanisa enye inxalenye ye-organic matter kwizinto ezintsha zeseli, ukuze Ukukhula kwe-microorganism kunye nokuzala, ukuvelisa izinto eziphilayo ezininzi.
I-Hybrid preprocessing:
Lungisa i-particle size, ukufuma, kunye ne-carbon-nitrogen ratio yezinto, kwaye ungeze ibhaktheriya ngexesha elifanayo ukukhuthaza inkqubela phambili ekhawulezayo yenkqubo yokuvutshelwa.
Ukuvubela okuphambili (ukuvundisa):
Ukubola izinto eziguquguqukayo kwinkunkuma, bulala amaqanda e-parasite kunye ne-pathogenic microorganisms, kwaye ufezekise injongo yokungabi nabungozi.Xa umthamo womswakama uncitshisiwe, i-organic matter iyachithwa kwaye i-mineralized ukukhulula i-N, P, K, kunye nezinye izondlo, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, iipropathi zezinto eziphilayo ziyakhululeka kwaye zihlakazeke.
Ukuvubela okwesibini (ukubola):
Inkunkuma eqinileyo ye-organic emva kokuvutshelwa kokuqala komgquba ayikafiki ekuvuthweni kwaye ifuna ukuqhubeka nokuvutshelwa kwesibini, oko kukuthi, ukuguga.Injongo yokuguga kukuqhubela phambili ukubola, ukuzinzisa kunye nokomisa i-macromolecular organic matter eseleyo kwi-organic matter ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zenkqubo yokuvelisa izichumiso ezilandelayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-22-2022