Ukhula okanye ingca yasendle bubukho obungqongqo kakhulu kwi-ikhosistim yendalo.Ngokuqhelekileyo sisusa ukhula kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngexesha lemveliso yezolimo okanye egadini.Kodwa ingca ekhutshwayo ayilahlwa nje kuphela kodwa inokwenza umgquba olungileyo ukuba ivundiswe kakuhle.Ukusetyenziswa kokhula kwisichumiso kukwenza umgquba, nto leyo isichumiso esiphilayo esenziwe ngeendiza zezityalo, ingca, amagqabi, inkunkuma, njl. njl., ezidityaniswa ngomgquba wabantu, umgquba wemfuyo, njl. umgangatho ulungile, ukusebenza kakuhle kwesichumiso kuphezulu, kwaye kunokubulala iintsholongwane namaqanda.
Iimpawu ze-compost yokhula:
● Isiphumo sesichumiso siyacotha kuneso somgquba wezilwanyana;
● Uzinzo lweentlobo ngeentlobo ze-microbial, akukho lula ukutshatyalaliswa, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wezifo kunye nemiqobo yezityalo eqhubekayo ebangelwa ukungalingani kwezinto, kulo mba, umphumo wayo ungcono kunomgquba womgquba;
● ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokungantshuli kwezityalo;
● Ingca yasendle ineengcambu eziqinileyo, yaye emva kokungena nzulu, ifunxa iminerali ize ibuyele emhlabeni;
● Umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo we-carbon-nitrogen kunye nokubola okugudileyo;
1. Izinto zokwenza umgquba
Izinto zokwenza umgquba zahlulahlulwe ngokweendidi ezintathu ngokweempawu zazo:
Izinto ezisisiseko
Izinto ezingaboli lula, ezifana nezitro zezityalo ezahlukeneyo, ukhula, amagqabi awileyo, imidiliya, i-peat, inkunkuma, njl.
Izinto ezikhuthaza ukubola
Ngokubanzi, zizinto ezityebileyo kubushushu obuphezulu bebhaktiriya ebolisa ifayibha equlethe initrogen eninzi, njengelindle lomntu, ilindle, isanti yombungu wesilika, umgquba wamahashe, umgquba wegusha, umgquba omdala, uthuthu lwezityalo, ikalika, njl.
I-Absorbent substance
Ukongeza inani elincinci le-peat, isanti ecocekileyo kunye nenani elincinci le-superphosphate okanye i-phosphate rock powder ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqokelela kunokuthintela okanye ukunciphisa i-volatilization ye-nitrogen kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwesichumisi somgquba.
2. Ukunyangwa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo phambi kokwenza umgquba
Ukukhawulezisa ukubola kunye nokubola kwempahla nganye, izinto ezahlukeneyo kufuneka ziphathwe ngaphambi kokuba kuhlanganiswe umgquba.
lInkunkuma kufuneka ihlelwe ukuze kuchongwe iglasi eyophukileyo, amatye, iithayile, iiplastiki, kunye nolunye udoti, ngakumbi ukuthintela ukuxubana kwesinyithi esinzima kunye nezinto eziyityhefu neziyingozi.
lNgokomgaqo, zonke iintlobo zemathiriyeli yokuqokelela zingcono ukutyunyuzwa, kwaye ukwandisa indawo yoqhagamshelwano kunceda ukubola, kodwa kudla amandla amaninzi kunye nezixhobo eziphathekayo.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukhula lunqunyulwa lube ngu-5-10 cm ubude.
l Kwizinto eziqinileyo kunye ne-waxy, ezifana nombona kunye namazimba, ezinokufunxa amanzi aphantsi, kungcono ukuba zifunxe nge-lindle okanye i-2% yamanzi e-lime emva kokutyumza ukutshabalalisa umphezulu we-waxy we-straw, obangela ukufunxa kwamanzi kwaye ukhuthaze. ukubola kunye nokubola.
Ukhula lwasemanzini, ngenxa yobuninzi bamanzi, kufuneka lomiswe kancinci phambi kokuba lufumbe.
3.Ukukhethwa kwendawo yokubeka
Indawo yokwenza umgquba kufuneka ikhethe indawo enomhlaba ophakamileyo, i-leeward kunye nelanga, kufutshane nomthombo wamanzi, kwaye ilungele ukuthuthwa nokusetyenziswa.Ukuze kube lula ukuthutha kunye nokusetyenziswa, iindawo zokuqokelela zingasasazwa ngokufanelekileyo.Emva kokuba indawo yokupakisha ikhethiwe, umhlaba uya kulungiswa.
4.Umlinganiselo wempahla nganye kwi-compost
Ngokuqhelekileyo, umlinganiselo wezinto zokupakisha malunga neekhilogram ezingama-500 zezityalo ezahlukeneyo, ukhula, amagqabi awileyo, njl., Ukongeza i-100-150 yeekhilogram zomgquba kunye nomchamo, kunye ne-50-100 yeekhilogram zamanzi.Ubungakanani bamanzi abongeziweyo buxhomekeke ekomeni kunye nobumanzi bemathiriyeli ekrwada.kg, okanye iphosphate rock powder 25–30 kg, superphosphate 5–8 kg, nitrogen fertilizer 4–5 kg.
Ukukhawulezisa ukubola, umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo womgquba imeyile okanye umgquba omdala, udaka olunzulu olungaphantsi komhlaba, kunye nomhlaba ochumileyo ungongezwa ukukhuthaza ukubola.Kodwa umhlaba akufanele ube mkhulu, ukwenzela ukuba ungachaphazeli ukukhula kunye nomgangatho womquba.Ngoko ke, isaci sezolimo sithi, "Ingca ngaphandle kodaka ayiyi kubola, kwaye ngaphandle kodaka, ingca ayiyi kuzala".Oku kubonisa ngokupheleleyo ukuba ukongeza umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo womhlaba ochumileyo awunayo kuphela impembelelo yokufunxa nokugcina isichumisi, kodwa kunomphumo wokukhuthaza ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo.
5.Ukuveliswa komgquba
Sasaza umaleko wodaka olunobunzima obumalunga ne-20 cm kumsele wokungenisa umoya weyadi yokuqokelela, umhlaba ocolekileyo, okanye umhlaba othambekileyo njengomgangatho wokufunxa isichumiso esingenelelayo, kwaye emva koko ubeke izinto ezixutywe ngokupheleleyo nezicociweyo ngokwemaleko. Qiniseka.Kwaye ufefe umgquba kunye namanzi kumaleko ngamnye, uze ufefe ngokulinganayo inani elincinci lekalika, i-phosphate rock powder, okanye ezinye izichumisi ze-phosphate.Okanye utofe ngefiber ephezulu ebolayo.Ukhula kumaleko ngamnye kunye ne-urea okanye isichumiso somhlaba kunye nengqolowa yengqolowa ukulungisa i-carbon-nitrogen ratio kufuneka yongezwe ngokomlinganiselo ofunekayo ukuqinisekisa umgangatho womgquba.
Oku kupakishwe umaleko ngokomaleko de ifikelele kubude obuyi-130-200 cm.Ubukhulu bomaleko ngamnye ngokuqhelekileyo yi-30-70 cm.Umaleko ophezulu kufuneka ube mncinci, kwaye imigangatho ephakathi kunye nesezantsi kufuneka ibe yincinci.Ubungakanani bomgquba kunye namanzi ongeziweyo kumaleko ngamnye kufuneka ube ngaphezulu kumaleko angaphezulu kwaye ube mbalwa kumaleko asezantsi ukuze ukwazi ukuqukuqela ezantsi komlanjana kwaye usasaze unyuka usehla.ngokulinganayo.Ububanzi be-stack kunye nobude be-stack buxhomekeke kubuninzi bezinto kunye nokulula kokusebenza.Ubume bengqumba bungenziwa bubume bebhanti eqhunyiweyo okanye ezinye iimilo.Emva kokuba imfumba igqityiwe, ivalwe ngodaka olungqindilili oluyi-6-7 cm, umhlaba ocolekileyo, kunye nefilimu endala yeplastiki, enenzuzo ekugcineni ubushushu, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokugcinwa kwesichumisi.
6.Ulawulo lwe-compost
Ngokuqhelekileyo emva kweentsuku ezi-3-5 emva kwemfumba, i-organic matter iqala ukubola yi-microorganisms ukukhulula ubushushu, kwaye ubushushu kwimfumba bunyuka ngokucothayo.Emva kweentsuku ezisi-7-8, iqondo lobushushu kwimfumba liyenyuka kakhulu, lifike kuma-60-70 °C.Umsebenzi ubuthathaka kwaye ukubola kwemathiriyeli ekrwada akuphelelanga.Ngoko ke, ngexesha lokupakisha, umswakama kunye nokutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa kwiindawo eziphezulu, eziphakathi, kunye nezisezantsi ze-stack kufuneka zihlolwe rhoqo.
Sinokusebenzisa ithemometha yomgquba ukubona ubushushu bangaphakathi bomgquba.Ukuba awunayo ithermometer yomgquba, ungafaka nentonga ende yentsimbi kwimfumba kwaye uyiyeke imizuzu emi-5!Emva kokuyikhupha, yizame ngesandla sakho.Ivakala ishushu kwi-30℃, ivakala ishushu malunga ne-40-50℃, kwaye ivakala ishushu malunga ne-60℃.Ukujonga umswakama, unokujonga iimeko ezomileyo nezimanzi zobuso benxalenye efakiweyo yentsimbi yentsimbi.Ukuba ikwimeko emanzi, ithetha ukuba ubungakanani bamanzi bufanelekile;ukuba ikwimeko eyomileyo, oko kuthetha ukuba amanzi aphantsi kakhulu, kwaye unokwenza umngxuma phezulu kwimfumba kwaye wongeze amanzi.Ukuba ukufuma kwingqumba kuqhelaniswe nendlela yokungena komoya, amaqondo obushushu aya kunyuka kancinci kancinci kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala emva kwengqumba, kwaye anokufikelela kwelona liphezulu malunga neveki.Inqanaba eliphezulu lobushushu akufanele libe ngaphantsi kweentsuku ezi-3, kwaye ubushushu buya kuncipha ngokukhawuleza emva kweentsuku ezili-10.Kule meko, jika ingqumba kanye rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezingama-20-25, jika umaleko wangaphandle uye embindini, ujike umbindi uye ngaphandle, kwaye wongeze umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo womchamo njengoko kufuneka ukupakisha kwakhona ukukhuthaza ukubola.Emva kokuphinda kuqokelelwe, emva kwezinye iintsuku ezingama-20-30, izinto eziluhlaza zisondele kwiqondo lobumnyama, elibolileyo, nelinukayo, libonisa ukuba zibolile, kwaye zinokusetyenziswa, okanye umhlaba wokugquma unokucinezelwa kwaye ugcinwe. ukusetyenziswa kamva.
7.Ukujika komgquba
Ukusukela ekuqaleni kokwenza umgquba, amaxesha okujika kufuneka abe:
iintsuku ezi-7 emva kokuqala;Iintsuku ezili-14 emva kwexesha lesibini;iintsuku ezingama-21 emva kwesihlandlo sesithathu;Inyanga e-1 emva kwexesha lesine;kanye ngenyanga emva koko.Qaphela: Amanzi kufuneka afakwe ngokufanelekileyo ukulungisa ukufuma ukuya kwi-50-60% rhoqo xa ingqumba ijika.
8. Ukugweba njani ukuvuthwa komgquba
Nceda ubone amanqaku alandelayo:
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-11-2022