Iibhaktheriya zokuvundisa komgquba luhlobo oluxubeneyo olunokukhawuleza ukubolisa izinto eziphilayo kwaye lunoncedo lokongezwa okuncinci, ukonakaliswa kweprotheyini eyomeleleyo, ixesha elifutshane lokuvubela, ixabiso eliphantsi, kunye nobushushu obungenasiphelo bokubila.Iibhaktheriya zokuvundisa komgquba zinokubulala ngokufanelekileyo izinto ezivundisiweyo, iibhaktheriya eziyingozi, izinambuzane, amaqanda, imbewu yengca, kunye neentsalela ze-antibiotics ezonakeleyo.Ineempawu zokuzala ngokukhawuleza, amandla aqinileyo, ukhuseleko, kunye nokungabi yingozi.
Ibhaktheriya yokuvundisa i-compost iqulethe i-concentration ephezulu yee-microorganisms eziluncedo ezingenayo i-pathogenic kwaye yongeza iindidi zee-enzyme ezinokubola izinto ezahlukeneyo ze-macromolecular.Iimicroorganisms kule mveliso ziyakwazi ukuvelisa i-enzymes zokugaya ukutya ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenza umgquba ukudiliza into ephilayo kwi-compost evundisiweyo.Le mveliso igxininisiweyo yongezwa kwinkqubo yokwenza umgquba ukongeza kwibhaktiriya yokuqala nokomeleza ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo ukuvelisa i-humus compost kwinkunkuma kamasipala, udaka lwamanzi amdaka, kunye nenkunkuma eqinileyo.
Indlela yokusebenza kweebhaktheriya ezibilisiweyo:
Ngaphantsi kweemeko ze-aerobic, i-soluble organic matter kwi-compost material ifunxwa yi-microorganism ngodonga lweseli kunye ne-cell membrane ye-microorganism;into eqinileyo kunye ne-colloidal yezinto eziphilayo kuqala inamathele ngaphandle kwe-microorganism, kwaye i-microorganism ifihla i-enzymes engaphandle kwe-extracellular ukuze ibolise kwi-soluble matter kwaye ingene kwiiseli.Ngemisebenzi yazo ye-metabolic, i-microorganisms i-oxidize inxalenye ye-organic matter ibe yinto elula ye-inorganic kunye nokukhulula amandla, ukuze enye inxalenye ye-organic matter isetyenziselwe ukudibanisa imathiriyeli yeseli ye-microorganism kunye nokubonelela ngamandla afunekayo kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yomzimba. microorganism ukuze umzimba ukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eqhelekileyo.Ukukhula kunye nokuzala ukugcina ukuqhubeka kobomi.
Iintsholongwane ezikwi-compost zivelisa ubushushu obuninzi ngexesha lokubola ukutshisa umgquba.Eli qondo lobushushu liphezulu liyimfuneko ukubola ngokukhawuleza, kwaye lilungele ukutshatyalaliswa kwembewu yengca yokhula, imibungu yezinambuzane, iibhaktheriya eziyingozi, njl., kwaye inokuthintela ukuzala kwezifo ezithile, ukukhusela ezi zifo ekuveliseni iintsholongwane ezinobungozi kunye nokuthintela ukukhula okuqhelekileyo. yezityalo.
Ukongezwa kweentyantyambo zemicrobial fermenting kwandisa isantya kunye nempumelelo yokubola kuba ezi ntyatyambo ziyimixube egxininiswe kakhulu yebhaktiriya kunye nomngundo oye wajongwa, wafuywa ekhaya, wakhuliswa, kwaye waphuculwa.Ezi ntlobo zikhethwa ukuba ziphile ngcono kwaye zivelise kwakhona, ngelixa zivelisa i-enzymes ukubola inkunkuma ye-organic, ngaloo ndlela ikhawulezisa ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenza umgquba.
Ingcamango esemgangathweni yokubola iiseli ze-lignocellulosic kukuqala ukuvula i-fibrous structure ukwenza iishukela zifumaneke kwi-metabolism ngama-microorganisms ahlukeneyo.Ii-Microorganisms zisebenzisa i-cellulases, i-xylanases, i-amylases, i-proteases, i-enzymes ephula i-lignin, njl njl ukukhulula iswekile ibe ngumgquba ovela kwi-cellulose, i-hemicellulose, iiprotheni, i-starch, kunye nezinye i-carbohydrates.Ukukhula kweebhaktheriya ekujoliswe kuzo kwi-compost kuqiniswa, okunokuthi kuthintele ngokufanelekileyo ukukhula kweebhaktheriya ezixubileyo, ngaloo ndlela kuthintela ukuveliswa kwezinto ezinobungozi ezifana nevumba kunye neebhaktheriya ze-pathogenic.
Umsebenzi:
1. Ubushushu obuphezulu, umphumo okhawulezayo, ixesha elifutshane lokuvutshelwa.
Uhlobo lokuvundiswa komgquba lubushushu obuphezulu obusebenza ngokukhawuleza kwintsholongwane yebhaktiriya, enokwenza ukuba ubushushu bomgquba bunyuke ngokukhawuleza, buvubele kwaye bubole ngokukhawuleza nangokupheleleyo, kwaye bunokubola ngokupheleleyo malunga neentsuku ezili-10-15 (ukulungiswa ngokwe ubushushu be-ambient).
2. Thintela iintsholongwane kwaye ubulale izinambuzane.
Ngokuqhubeka kobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokulinganisela kwe-microbial, iibhaktheriya ezinobungozi, izinambuzane, amaqanda ezinambuzane, imbewu yengca, kunye nezinye izitshabalalisi zezityalo kumgquba zibulawa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ziphela, kwaye iibhaktheriya ze-pathogenic ziyanqandwa ukuba zingaphinde zizale kwakhona.
3. Ideodorant.
Iibhaktheriya zokuvundisa komgquba zinokubola izinto eziphilayo, isulfides ephilayo, initrogen ephilayo, njl.njl. ezivelisa irhasi emdaka, kwaye zithintele ukukhula kwe-spoilage microorganisms, iphucula kakhulu ubume bendawo.
4. Ukutyebisa izondlo.
Kwinkqubo yokwenziwa komgquba, izondlo zebhaktheriya zokuvundisa zitshintsha ukusuka kwimeko engasebenziyo kunye nemeko yokucotha ukuya kwimeko esebenzayo kunye nemo esebenza ngokukhawuleza;ukwenza i-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) imathiriyeli yendalo eneempawu ezigqwesileyo zokufunxa amanzi kunye neempawu zokuthambisa ukukhusela isichumiso kunye namanzi ukuba angawohloki.Iba yifilimu efanelekileyo yokukhusela yendalo yomhlaba, ukufezekisa ukutyebisa izondlo.
5. Iindleko eziphantsi kunye nesiphumo esihle.
Isixhobo silula, sithatha umhlaba omncinci, sinoluhlu olubanzi lwemithombo yezinto ezikrwada, kwaye sinomjikelo omfutshane.Emva kokuba i-compost ikhulile ngokupheleleyo, inani elikhulu lezityalo ze-probiotic ziveliswa, eziphucula umhlaba kwaye zikhulise ukuxhathisa kwezityalo.
6. Izinga lokuhluma.
Izinga lokuntshula kwembewu emva komgquba ovuthiweyo lonyuswe kakhulu.
7. Ubungakanani besicelo.
Ukuvutshelwa komgquba we-sawdust, intsalela yekhowa ukuvubela, intsalela yeyeza laseTshayina intsalela ye-compost fermentation, i-compost fermentation yenkukhu, ukuvutshelwa komgquba wegusha, ukuvutshelwa komgquba we corn, ingca yengqolowa yokuvundiswa kwe-compost fermentation , udaka Ukuvutshelwa komgquba, njl.
Unyango lwenkunkuma yendalo yezolimo (umgquba, isichumiso solwelo), inkunkuma yasekhitshini, inkunkuma yezinto eziphilayo (iswill) yonyango, izitro zezityalo ezahlukeneyo, imidiliya yevatala, imfuyo, kunye nomgquba weenkukhu, amagqabi kunye nokhula, intsalela yeviniga yebran, intsalela yewayini, intsalela yeviniga, intsalela yesosi yesosi. , Ikhekhe le-soya, i-slag, i-powder dregs, i-bean curd dregs, i-bone meal, i-bagasse, kunye nezinye inkunkuma zijika ngokukhawuleza zibe zizichumisi ze-bio-organic.
Iingcebiso malunga nokukhetha umhluzi wokubilisa:
a.Ukulungiswa kwe-multi-bacterial compound kungcono kunokulungiswa kwebhaktheriya enye.Ukubeka nje, umzekelo, amalungiselelo aqulethe ibhaktiriya ye-lactic acid, i-Bacillus, igwele, ibhaktheriya ye-photosynthetic, kunye nezinye iibhaktheriya ezininzi ngokuqhelekileyo zingcono kunamalungiselelo okuvundiswa aqulethe ibhaktheriya enye kuphela (efana ne-Bacillus).
b.Amalungiselelo olwelo ngokuqhelekileyo angcono kunamalungiselelo aqinileyo.Ngokubhekiselele kwitekhnoloji yangoku yokulungiselela i-microbial, emva kokuba ezinye ii-microorganisms zenziwe kwi-solid-state (umgubo), amandla abo angenakugcinwa okanye abuyiselwe.
c.Khetha amalungiselelo angafuni imisebenzi enzima yokuvula.Ukuba ufuna ukulungisa isisombululo sokusebenza, kwaye umsebenzi unzima, akukhuthazwa ukuwusebenzisa.Ngenxa yokuba ukusebenza kwendawo kudla ngokuqhutywa ngokuthe ngqo "ngabasebenzi bemveliso", "ukuvuselela" umsebenzi awuchanekanga, kwaye umphumo wokugqibela awuyiyo "i-activated" i-fermentation inoculum, kodwa ibhakethi "lamanzi eswekile".
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Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-29-2022