Ukuvundiswa kunye nokuvuthwa kwezichumisi eziphilayo yinkqubo enzima.Ukuphumeza isiphumo esigqwesileyo somgquba, ezinye izinto eziphambili ezinempembelelo kufuneka zilawulwe:
1. Umlinganiselo weCarbon ukuya kwinitrogen
Ifanelekile ngo-25:1:
Eyona nto ingcono kakhulu ye-aerobic compost impahla eluhlaza (25-35): 1, inkqubo yokuvutshelwa iyona ndlela ikhawulezayo, ukuba i-aerobic iphantsi kakhulu (20: 1), ukuveliswa kwee-microorganisms kuya kuvinjelwa ngenxa yokungonelanga kwamandla.Ngenxa yoko, ukubola kucotha kwaye akugqibelelanga, kwaye xa iindiza zesityalo zikhulu kakhulu (ngokuqhelekileyo (6080): 1), izinto eziqulathe initrogen ezifana nomgquba wabantu nezilwanyana kufuneka zongezwe, kwaye umlinganiselo wecarbon-nitrogen ulungelelaniswe I-30: i-1 inenzuzo kwii-microorganisms.Imisebenzi ekhuthaza ukubola kwe-organic matter kumgquba kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokuvubela.
2. Umxholo wokufuma
50%~60%:
Ukufuma yiparameter ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokwenza umgquba.Imisebenzi yobomi beMicrobial ifuna ukuzaliswa rhoqo kwendawo engqongileyo ukufunxa amanzi ukugcina imetabolism eqhelekileyo.Iimicroorganisms zinokufunxa kuphela izondlo ezinyibilikayo, kwaye umgquba unokuthamba ngokulula emva kokufunxa amanzi.Xa umxholo wamanzi ungaphezu kwama-80%, iimolekyuli zamanzi zigcwalisa ingaphakathi leengqungquthela kwaye ziphuphuma kwi-inter-particle gaps, ukunciphisa i-porosity ye-stack kunye nokwandisa ukuchasana nokudluliselwa kwegesi kunye negesi, okukhokelela kwi-stack ye-anaerobic yendawo. inhibits Umsebenzi we-aerobic microorganisms awuhambisani nobushushu obuphezulu be-aerobic fermentation kunye nomxholo wokufuma ongaphantsi kwe-40%, oya kwandisa isithuba se-pore yemfumba kunye nokwandisa ilahleko yeemolekyuli zamanzi, okukhokelela ekuqokeleleni kokunqongophala kwamanzi emanzini. , engahambelani nomsebenzi we-microorganisms kwaye ichaphazela ukuvutshelwa.Kwizichumisi, amanzi amaninzi angongezwa kwiindiza zesityalo, i-sawdust, kunye ne-fungus bran.
3. Umxholo we-oksijeni
8%~18%:
Imfuno yeoksijini kumgquba inxulumene nobuninzi bezinto eziphilayo ezikwi-compost.Ubuninzi bezinto eziphilayo, ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kweoksijini.Ngokuqhelekileyo, imfuno ye-oksijini ngexesha lokudibanisa i-compost ixhomekeke kwisixa se-carbon dioxide.Ngumsebenzi wokubola we-aerobic microorganisms kwaye ifuna umoya olungileyo.Ukuba ukungena komoya akuhambi kakuhle, i-aerobic microorganisms iyathintelwa kwaye umgquba uvuthwa kancinane.Ukuba umoya wokungenisa umoya uphezulu kakhulu, kungekhona nje kuphela amanzi kunye nezondlo ezikwi-compost ziya kulahleka kakhulu, kodwa kunye ne-organic matter iya kuchithwa ngamandla, engayi kuhambelana nokuqokelelwa kwe-humus.
4. Ubushushu
50-65°C:
Kwinqanaba lokuqala lokuvundisa, ubushushu bemfumba bukholisa ukuba kufutshane nobushushu be-ambient.Ubushushu bomgquba bufudumeza ngokukhawuleza ngebhaktheriya ye-mesophilic kwi-1 ukuya kwiintsuku ze-2, kwaye ubushushu bemfumba bufikelela kuma-50 ukuya kuma-65 ° C, ahlala egcinwa iintsuku ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-6.Ukuze kubulawe iibhaktheriya ze-pathogenic, amaqanda ezinambuzane, kunye nembewu yengca, ukufezekisa izikhombisi ezingenabungozi, kunye nokusebenzisa umphumo wokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, ukushisa kuyancipha ekugqibeleni ukukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwezondlo kunye nokubunjwa kwe-humus.Ubushushu obuphantsi kakhulu buya kwandisa ixesha lokuvuthwa komgquba, ngelixa ubushushu obuphezulu kakhulu (> 70 ° C) buya kuthintela ukukhula kwe-microorganisms kwi-compost kwaye kukhokelela ekusetyenzisweni ngokugqithiseleyo kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nesixa esikhulu se-ammonia volatilization, ethi ichaphazela umgangatho.umgquba.
5. pH
pH6-9:
I-PH yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela ukukhula kwee-microorganisms.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ii-microorganisms zifanelekile xa i-pH ingathathi hlangothi okanye i-alkaline kancinane.Ixabiso le-pH eliphezulu kakhulu okanye eliphantsi kakhulu liya kuchaphazela inkqubela phambili egudileyo yokwenza umgquba.Ityebile kwi-cellulose kunye neprotheni.Elona xabiso liphezulu le-pH yemfuyo kunye nomgquba weenkukhu laliphakathi kwe-7.5 kunye ne-8.0, kwaye izinga lokuthotywa kwe-substrate laliphantse libe yi-0 xa ixabiso le-pH lalingaphantsi okanye lilingana ne-5.0.Xa i-pH≥9.0, izinga lokuthotywa kwe-substrate lehlile kwaye ilahleko ye-ammonia nitrogen yayiyingozi.Ixabiso le-pH linempembelelo ebalulekileyo kumsebenzi we-microbial kunye nomxholo we-nitrogen.Ngokubanzi, ixabiso le-pH lezinto eziluhlaza kufuneka libe yi-6.5.Isixa esikhulu se-ammonia nitrogen senziwa kwi-aerobic fermentation, enyusa ixabiso le-pH.Yonke inkqubo yokubilisa ikwimeko-bume yealkaline ene-pH ephezulu.Ixabiso le-pH linyusa ilahleko yenitrogen, kwaye ixabiso le-pH kufuneka linikwe ingqwalasela kwimveliso yokuvubela ngokukhawuleza.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-07-2022