Nayiphi na imathiriyeli ephilayo (imixube enekhabhoni) esetyenziswa njengesichumisi ibizwa ngokuba yi-organic compost.Ke yintoni kanye kanye enokwenziwa ngumgquba?
1. Yandisa ubume beagglomerate yomhlaba
Ulwakhiwo lweagglomerate yomhlaba lwenziwa ngamasuntswana amaninzi adityanisiweyo njengeagglomerate yesakhiwo somhlaba.Iipores ezincinci zenziwe phakathi kweenkozo ezilodwa kunye neepores ezinkulu zenziwe phakathi kwee-agglomerates.Imingxuma emincinci iyakwazi ukugcina ukufuma kwaye imingxuma emikhulu inokugcina umoya.Imihlaba yeAgglomerate iqinisekisa ukukhula kakuhle kweengcambu kwaye ikulungele ukulinywa nokukhula kwezityalo.Indima yesakhiwo se-agglomerate ekuchumeni komhlaba.
① Idibanisa amanzi nomoya.
② Ingqamanisa impixano phakathi kokusetyenziswa kunye nokuqokelelana kwezondlo kwizinto eziphilayo zomhlaba.
③ uzinzisa ubushushu bomhlaba kwaye ulawula ubushushu bomhlaba.
④ Iphucula ukulinywa kwaye iququzelele ukwandiswa kweengcambu zesityalo.
2. Ukuphucula ukungeneka kunye nokukhululeka komhlaba
Amagqabi emithi yeziqhamo afunxa ikharbon diokside aze akhuphe ioksijini;iingcambu zifunxa ioksijini kwaye zikhuphe icarbon dioxide.Ukwenza umjikelo wezondlo oqhelekileyo, iingcambu zokuphefumla ezinganzulwanga kufuneka zibe neoksijini eyaneleyo, nto leyo efuna ukuba umhlaba ube nokukhululeka kunye nokungena kwamanzi.Ukutyhutyha umhlaba kukulingana nobukhulu bamasuntswana omhlaba kwaye kuphenjelelwa sisiqulatho samanzi omhlaba, ubushushu, uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheri, kunye nobushushu bomoya.Ukungeneka komhlaba kukwabizwa ngokuba kukungenelwa komoya emhlabeni, okukukwenza ukutshintshiselana komoya womhlaba nomoya ojikeleze umhlaba, okanye umlinganiselo ongena ngawo iatmosfera emhlabeni.Inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nesakhiwo somhlaba, ngakumbi kwiimpawu ze-pore, kunye nemihlaba enomlinganiselo ophezulu we-porosity epheleleyo okanye i-pores enkulu inokungena kakuhle.Umzekelo, imihlaba eyakhiwe kakuhle inokungena kakuhle kunemihlaba engakhiwe kakuhle;imihlaba eyisanti ingcono kunemihlaba enodongwe;imihlaba enomlinganiselo wokufuma ophakathi ibhetele kuneyo efume ngokugqithisileyo;imihlaba engaphezulu ingcono kuneengaphantsi komhlaba, njl.
3. Ukuphucula umhlaba kunye nokulinganisela ubumuncu kunye ne-alkalinity
Amandla e-asidi yomhlaba kunye ne-alkalinity idla ngokulinganiswa ngeqondo lobumuncu kunye ne-alkalinity.Umhlaba uneasidi kunye ne-alkaline kuba kukho izixa ezincinci zeeyoni ze-hydrogen kunye ne-hydroxide ion emhlabeni.Xa ukuxinwa kwee-ion ze-hydrogen kukhulu kune-concentration ye-ion ye-hydroxide, umhlaba uba ne-asidi;ngokuchaseneyo, i-alkaline;xa bobabini belingana, ayithathi cala.Uninzi lwemihlaba yaseTshayina inoluhlu lwe-pH ye-4.5 ukuya kwi-8.5, kunye ne-pH inyuka ukusuka emazantsi ukuya emantla, isenza "i-asidi yasezantsi ye-alkaline yasemntla".Ngenxa yomahluko wemozulu phakathi komntla nasezantsi kweTshayina, umzantsi umanzi kwaye uyanetha kwaye umhlaba ugcwele iasidi, ngelixa umntla womile kwaye unemvula kwaye umhlaba uninzi lwealkaline.Imihlaba eneasidi kakhulu okanye ene-alkaline kakhulu iya kunciphisa ukusebenza kwezondlo zomhlaba ukuya kumaqondo ahlukeneyo, okwenza kube nzima ukwenza ubume bomhlaba obulungileyo kunye nokuthintela ngokunzulu imisebenzi ye-microorganisms yomhlaba, echaphazela ukukhula kunye nophuhliso lwezityalo ezahlukeneyo.
4. Ukuphucula umgangatho weemveliso zolimo
Utshintsho kwizinto eziphambili ze-organic zeziqhamo.
1) Ukufuma.Ngaphandle kwe-chestnuts, i-walnuts kunye nezinye iziqhamo, kunye nezinye iziqhamo ezomileyo, umthamo wamanzi weziqhamo ezininzi ngu-80% ukuya kwi-90%.
2) iswekile, i-asidi.Iswekile, isiqulatho seasidi, kunye nomlinganiselo weswekile-asidi zezona mpawu ziphambili zomgangatho weziqhamo.Iswekile kwiziqhamo ukuya glucose, fructose, kunye sucrose, istatshi ikhona kwisiqhamo esincinane eluhlaza, iintlobo zeziqhamo ezahlukeneyo eziqulathe iswekile nazo ziyahluka, ezifana iidiliya, amakhiwane, cherry in glucose, fructose ngaphezulu;iipesika, iiplum, iiapilkosi kwi-sucrose ngaphezu kokunciphisa iswekile.Organic acids kwiziqhamo ubukhulu becala malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, apple, pear, peach to malic acid, citrus, rharnate, figs, citric acid yeyona iphambili, iasidi kwisiqhamo kwisiqhamo esincinci xa umxholo ephantsi, kunye nokukhula kwesiqhamo kunye nokuphucula, ifashoni ephantse iqole njenge substrate yokuphefumla kunye nokubola.
3) pectin.Oyena nobangela wokuqina kweziqhamo ngamandla okubopha phakathi kweeseli, ukomelela komatshini wezinto eziyinxalenye yeselula, kunye noxinzelelo lokwandiswa kweeseli, amandla okubopha phakathi kweeseli achatshazelwa yipectin.Isiqhamo esingavuthwanga soqobo se-pectin sikhona kudonga oluphambili lomaleko we-pectin ukuze iiseli zidityaniswe, njengoko isiqhamo sivuthwa, phantsi kwesenzo se-enzymes kwi-pectin enyibilikayo kunye ne-pectinate, ukuze inyama yesiqhamo ithambile.Umxholo we-cellulose kunye ne-calcium unempembelelo enkulu kubulukhuni besiqhamo.
4) iphunga kunye nevumba lesiqhamo.Ivumba kunye nevumba yimiba ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni umgangatho wesiqhamo.Iziqhamo ezininzi zinencasa ye-astringent, ikakhulu izinto ze-tannin, i-citrus kwincasa ekrakra yecandelo eliphambili yi-naringin.Isiqhamo sikwanazo iivithamini, ivithamin A sisiqhamo esimthubi esiqulethe i-carotene eninzi, njenge-apricot, i-loquat, i-persimmon, njl., i-prickly pear, i-date, i-kiwi yaseTshayina, i-sea buckthorn iqulethe izinga eliphezulu le-vitamin C, equlethe i-chlorophyll isiqhamo esincinci siphezulu, kunye nokukhula kwesiqhamo, isixa esipheleleyo sanda, kodwa umxholo weyunithi yobunzima obutsha wehla, i-peel kunentliziyo yesiqhamo iphezulu, icala elinelanga liphezulu kunecala lokukhanya.
5) utshintsho lwe-pigment.Umbala wesiqhamo une-chlorophyll, i-carotenoids, i-anthocyanins, i-anthocyanidin glycosides, kunye ne-flavonoids.Isakhiwo se-carotenoids yi-tetraterpene (C), kukho iindidi ezingama-500, ezikhoyo kwi-chloroplasts kunye ne-plastids, edibene neeprotheni, zinendima yokukhusela iiseli ekonakalisweni kokukhanya okunamandla, xa isiqhamo sivuthiwe, i-chlorophyll iyancipha, kwaye i-carotenoids yanda.
5. Utyebile kwizondlo ezahlukeneyo
Isichumisi se-Organic asiqukethe kuphela izinto eziphilayo ezityebileyo kunye ne-organic acids, ezifana ne-humic acid, i-amino acids, kunye ne-xanthic acid, kodwa iqulethe iindidi ezinkulu, eziphakathi, kunye ne-trace elements, nangona umxholo uphantsi kodwa ubanzi.Ngokubanzi, i-nitrogen yamagqabi amade, i-phosphorus kwiintyatyambo ezinde, i-potassium kwiziqhamo ezide;i-silicon yeengcambu, i-calcium yeziqhamo, i-magnesium yamagqabi, isulfure yokunambitha;intsimbi kumagqabi atyheli, ubhedu kumagqabi avuthulukayo, imolybdenum yamagqabi adubulayo, i-zinc kumagqabi amancinane, iboron kumagqabi ajikekileyo.
6. Ngokuhlala ixesha elide
Isichumiso esiphilayo sokwenene asiyi kunyibilika, kwaye asinakunyibilika, kuba isichumisi sezinto eziphilayo siqulethe izixa ezikhulu zeselulosi kunye ne-lignin ayinakunyibilika ngamanzi, kufuneka ibe yintsholongwane yomhlaba ukubola, iguqulwe ibe yi-amino acids kunye neecarbohydrates. ifunxwe ziingcambu zemithi yeziqhamo, nto leyo ethatha ixesha elide nehlala ihleli.
7. Ngokusebenza kakuhle
Inika amandla kunye nezondlo kwimisebenzi ye-microbial yomhlaba, ikhuthaza imisebenzi ye-microbial, ikhawuleza ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo, ivelise izinto ezisebenzayo, njl. , okubaluleke ngakumbi, ngokubola kwe-microbial ye-acids ye-organic inokusebenza i-coil igxininiswe kwizinto zamaminerali zinokuthi zifakwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye zisetyenziswe.
8. Ngokugcina amanzi
Ulwazi lophando lubonise ukuba: kwi-organic compost humus iqulethe i-lipids, i-wax, kunye ne-resin, kuba kwinkqubo yokwakhiwa komhlaba kunye nokuchuma okuphezulu, ezi zinto zinokungena kubunzima bomhlaba, ukuze ube ne-hydrophobic, buthathaka inkqubo yokumanzisa komhlaba isantya sokuhamba kwamanzi kwi-capillary, ukuze ukufuma komhlaba kucuthwe kwaye kuphuculwe umthamo wokubamba amanzi emhlabeni, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe imeko yokufuma komhlaba.
Uphononongo lwe-hydrophilicity kunye ne-hydrophobicity ye-humus lubonise ukuba lumiselwe ngamatyathanga asecaleni kwimiphetho ye-molecule ye-humic acid, kwaye xa iqondo le-polymerization ye-molecule ye-humic acid lincinci, iqondo lokuvezwa kwekhonkco elisecaleni. amaqela amakhulu, kwaye kukho ubudlelwane obuphambeneyo phakathi kwabo, kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwe-humic substance kunye ne-molecule yamanzi emisela, kwinqanaba elithile, iipropati zamanzi zezinto eziphilayo.
Ubume be-agglomerate bunxulumene nomxholo we-organic matter yomhlaba kunye nobungakanani bomgquba ogaliweyo.Isakhiwo se-agglomerate esizinzile samanzi siqinisekisa ukukhululeka komgangatho womhlaba kwaye siququzelela ukungeneka komhlaba.Esi sakhiwo siphawulwa ngama-agglomerates akhululekileyo kunye ne-porosity enkulu ye-non-capillary, enciphisa ukuphakama kunye nesantya sokuhamba kwamanzi e-capillary emhlabeni kunye nokunciphisa ukuphuphuma kwamanzi kumphezulu womhlaba.Iradiyasi yesakhiwo samasuntswana omhlaba kunye nesakhiwo esingcono se-agglomerate inkulu kune-radius yesakhiwo samasuntswana omhlaba kunye nesakhiwo se-agglomerate esihlwempuzekileyo, ngelixa isantya sokunyuka kwesantya se-capillary samanzi sichasana ngokungafaniyo kwi-radius yeyunithi yesakhiwo.
9. Nge-insulation
Umgquba we-Organic unomsebenzi wokufunxa ubushushu kunye nokufudumeza, oluncedo ekuhlumeni kweengcambu kunye nokukhula kwemithi yeziqhamo.Umgquba kwinkqubo yokubola uya kukhulula umlinganiselo othile wobushushu, uphucule ubushushu bomhlaba, kwangaxeshanye, amandla obushushu be-organic fertilizer, ukusebenza kakuhle kokugquma, akukho lula ukuchatshazelwa yingqele yangaphandle kunye notshintsho lobushushu, iqabaka ebusika. ukhuseleko, ubushushu behlobo, obuluncedo kakhulu ekuhlumeni kweengcambu zomthi weziqhamo, ekukhuleni nasekufikeni kwexesha lasebusika.
10. Vavanya ukuchuma komhlaba
I-Soil organic matter ligama eliqhelekileyo lezinto ezisemhlabeni ezivela kubomi.I-Soil organic matter yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yesigaba esiqinileyo somhlaba kwaye yenye yemithombo ephambili yesondlo sezityalo, ukukhuthaza ukukhula nophuhliso lwezityalo, ukuphucula iimpawu ezibonakalayo zomhlaba, ukukhuthaza imisebenzi ye-micro-organisms izinto eziphilayo zomhlaba, ezikhuthaza ukubola kwezakhi zezondlo emhlabeni kunye nokuphucula ukuchuma kunye nendima ye-buffering yomhlaba.Inxulumene ngokusondeleyo kulwakhiwo, ukungena komoya, ukungena, kunye neempawu ze-adsorption kunye neempawu zokuthintela umhlaba.Ngesiqhelo, umxholo wezinto eziphilayo unxulunyaniswa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nenqanaba lokuchuma komhlaba phakathi koluhlu oluthile lwesiqulatho, phantsi kwezinye iimeko ezifanayo okanye ezifanayo.
Isiqulatho se-organic organic matter sesinye sezona zalathisi ezibalulekileyo zokuchuma komhlaba, kwaye i-compost ephilayo inokunyusa isiqulatho sezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-31-2022